From: Cancer-derived exosomes as novel biomarkers in metastatic gastrointestinal cancer
Cancer type | Exosomal Contents | Exosome Source | Exosomal Cargo | Effect | Clinical Significance | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colorectal cancer | miRNA | Cell culture fluid | miR-29a | downregulate the expression of ZO-1, Claudin-5, and Occludin via targeting KLF4 | promote metastasis | [66] |
Cell culture fluid | miR-218-5p | activate the Ras/ERK/c-Fos pathway | promote metastasis | [110] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-181b-3p | downregulate SNX2 expression | promote metastasis | [111] | ||
serum | miR-92a-3p | inhibit FBXW7 and MOAP1 | promote metastasis | [104] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-27b-3p | activate STAT3 pathway | promote metastasis | [113] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-203a-3p | inhibit the Src/PKC/GSK-3β | promote metastasis | [108] | ||
Serum | miRNA132-5p, miRNA6087, and miRNA320d | not mention | promote metastasis | [189] | ||
Serum | miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p | activate JAK2–STAT3/NF-κB signaling | promote metastasis | [43] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miRNA-335-5p | overexpress of RASA1 | promote metastasis | [190] | ||
Serum | miR-122 | not mention | promote metastasis | [191] | ||
Serum | miR-141-3p and miR-375 | not mention | promote metastasis | [91] | ||
Serum | miR-106b-3p | downregulate DLC-1 expression | promote metastasis | [92] | ||
Serum | miR-1246/92b-3p/27a-3p | target GSK3β and activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway | promote metastasis | [65] | ||
Serum | miR-193a and let-7 g | not mention | promote metastasis | [192] | ||
Serum | miR-128-3p | activate TGF-β/SMAD and JAK/STAT3 signal pathway | promote metastasis | [102] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-106b-5p | downregulate PDCD4 and activate the PI3Kγ/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway | promote metastasis | [193] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-21-5p | suppress VHL/ HIF-1α axis, target TrkA/ERK/ELK1 pathway | promote metastasis | [194] | ||
Serum | miR-934 | downregulate PTEN expression and activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway | promote metastasis | [195] | ||
Serum | miR-25-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-425-5p | activate of the CXCL12/CXCR4/PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway axis | promote metastasis | [196] | ||
Serum | miR- 221/222 | suppress SPINT1 expression | promote metastasis | [94] | ||
Serum | miR-1229 | inhibit the expression of HIPK2, activate VEGF pathway | promote metastasis | [197] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-183-5p | suppress FOXO1 expression | promote metastasis | [112] | ||
circRNA | serum | circPABPC1 | upregulate HMGA2, BMP4 and ADAM19 expression | promote metastasis | [139] | |
Serum | circ_FMN2 | serve as miR-338-3p Sponge to downregulate MSI1 | promote metastasis | [198] | ||
Cell culture fluid | circPACRGL | facilitate the TGF-β1 expression, regulate miR-142-3p/miR-506-3p-TGF-β1 axis | promote metastasis | [199] | ||
Tissue | circLONP2 | not mention | promote metastasis | [140] | ||
Cell culture fluid | circ-ABCC1 | activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway | promote metastasis | [200] | ||
serum | circ-133 | activate the miR-133a/GEF-H1/RhoA axis | promote metastasis | [136] | ||
serum | circGAPVD1 | not mention | promote metastasis | [142] | ||
serum | circTUBGCP4 | activate Akt signaling pathway, sponge with miR-146b-3p | promote metastasis | [135] | ||
serum | hsa-circ-0004771 | not mention | promote metastasis | [201] | ||
Cell culture fluid | ciRS-122 | ciRS-122-miR-122-PKM2 pathway | promote metastasis | [151] | ||
serum | circCOG2 | Activate the miR-1305/TGF-β2/SMAD3 pathway | promote metastasis | [202] | ||
Cell culture fluid | circLPAR1 | suppress the METTL3-eIF3h interaction, decrease the translation of oncogene BRD4 | promote metastasis | [203] | ||
lncRNA | Cell culture fluid | lnc-HOXB8-1:2 | bind hsa-miR-6825-5p to upregulate CXCR3 expression | promote metastasis | [204] | |
Cell culture fluid | lncRNA RPPH1 | interact with protein TUBB3 | promote metastasis | [122] | ||
serum | lncRNA PVT1/VEGFA | downregulate miR-152-3p | promote metastasis | [120] | ||
Cell culture fluid | lncRNA PCAT1 | activate of the miR-329-3p/Netrin-1-CD146 Complex | promote metastasis | [127] | ||
Cell culture fluid | lncRNA BANCR | regulate RhoA/ROCK signaling | promote metastasis | [205] | ||
Cell culture fluid | lncRNA MALAT1 | sponge miR-26a/26b and activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway | promote metastasis | [128] | ||
Cell culture fluid | lncRNA UCA1 | sponge with miR-143 | promote metastasis | [117] | ||
proteins | serum | ADAM17 | cleaving the E-cadherin junction | promote metastasis | [69] | |
serum | HSPC111 | activate CXCL5-CXCR2 axis | promote metastasis | [68] | ||
serum | KRAS | not mention | promote metastasis | [71] | ||
serum | Cyr61 | activate αV β5 /FAK/HIF-1α/STAT3/MMP2 signaling | promote metastasis | [83] | ||
Cell culture fluid | FMNL2 | activate the EGFL6/CKAP4/ERK axis | promote metastasis | [84] | ||
Cell culture fluid | ADAM17 | not mention | promote metastasis | [70] | ||
hepatocellular cancer | miRNA | serum | miR-200b-3p | activate JAK/STAT signaling pathway | promote metastasis | [95] |
liver tissue | miR-20a-5p | downregulate LIMA1-Mediated β-Catenin Pathway | promote metastasis | [44] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-412,36 miR-4286,37 miR-423–5p, and miR-29a-5p, | impair lysosome biogenesis | promote metastasis | [206] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-452-5p | downregulate TIMP3 | promote metastasis | [207] | ||
serum | miR92a-3 | inhibit PTEN and activating Akt/Snail signaling | promote metastasis | [107] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-21 and miR-10b | not mention | promote metastasis | [208] | ||
serum | miR-18a, miR-20b, and miR-221 | not mention | promote metastasis | [96] | ||
serum | miR-1307-5p | downregulate miR-1307-5p/SEC14L2/Akt and miR-1307-5p/ENG signaling pathways | promote metastasis | [97] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-1273f | activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and downregulate LHX6 | promote metastasis | [209] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-100-5p | downregulate CLDN11, activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway | promote metastasis | [210] | ||
serum | miR-4661-5p | not mention | promote metastasis | [101] | ||
circRNA | Cell culture fluid | circ_002136 | downregulate miR-19a-3p/RAB1A pathway | promote metastasis | [211] | |
serum | circCCAR1 | upregulate WTAP | promote metastasis | [149] | ||
Cell culture fluid | circ_0003028 | activate miR-498/ODC1 signaling axis, sponge miR-498, | promote metastasis | [212] | ||
Cell culture fluid | circ_MMP2 | upregulate of its host gene MMP2 via sponging of miR-136-5p | promote metastasis | [213] | ||
HCC tissues | circTTLL5 | activate miR-136-5p/KIAA1522 axis, sponge miR-136-5p | promote metastasis | [137] | ||
serum | circRNA-100338 | activate of MMP9, regulate VM formation | promote metastasis | [214] | ||
serum | circGSE1 | activate the miR‐324‐5p/TGFBR1/Smad3 axis | promote metastasis | [215] | ||
serum | CircANTXR1 | activate miR-532-5p/XRCC5 axis | promote metastasis | [216] | ||
HCC tissues | CircPAK1 | bind 14–3–3 ζ with YAP | promote metastasis | [217] | ||
Cell culture fluid | circPTGR1 | activate miR449a-MET pathway | promote metastasis | [141] | ||
Cell culture fluid | Circ-0000284 | not mention | promote metastasis | [134] | ||
plasma | circUHRF1 | inhibit NK cell function | promote metastasis | [150] | ||
Plasma | hsa_circ_0004277 | inhibit of ZO-1 | promote metastasis | [48] | ||
Cell culture fluid | hsa_circ_0074854 | mediate macrophage M2 polarization | promote metastasis | [58] | ||
Cell culture fluid | CircRNA Cdr1as | promote the expression of AFP and sponge with miR-1270 | promote metastasis | [218] | ||
Cell culture fluid | circTMEM181 | inhibit the ATP-adenosine pathway, increase the expression of CD39 | promote metastasis | [60] | ||
serum | Circ-ZNF652 | vie miR-29a-3p/guanylyl cyclase domain containing 1 axis | promote metastasis | [219] | ||
lncRNA | serum | LINC00161 | inhibiting miR-590-3p to activate the ROCK2 signaling pathway | promote metastasis | [119] | |
serum | lncRNA THEMIS2- 211 | activate THEMIS2-211/miR-940/SPOCK1 axis | promote metastasis | [121] | ||
serum | lncRNA SNHG16 | activate miR-942-3p/MMP9 axis | promote metastasis | [124] | ||
Cell culture fluid | lncRNA H19 | activate miR-520a-3p/LIMK1 axis | promote metastasis | [220] | ||
Cell culture fluid | lncRNA HCG18 | downregulate miR-424-5p/SOX9 axis and PI3K/AKT pathway | promote metastasis | [221] | ||
serum | lncRNAENSG00000248932.1, ENST00000440688.1 and ENST00000457302.2 | not mention | promote metastasis | [222] | ||
proteins | Cell culture fluid | CTLA-4 | activate PTEN/CD44 signal pathway | promote metastasis | [85] | |
Cell culture fluid | S100A4 | activate STAT3 phosphorylation and up-regulating OPN expression | promote metastasis | [74] | ||
Cell culture fluid | BMI1 | not mention | promote metastasis | [79] | ||
tumor tissue | LOXL4 | activate the FAK/Src pathway | promote metastasis | [82] | ||
Cell culture fluid | ENO1 | activate the FAK/Src-p38MAPK pathway | promote metastasis | [81] | ||
Cell culture fluid | RAB13 | upregulate VEGF and activity of CUX1 | promote metastasis | [223] | ||
Cell culture fluid | RAB5A | not mention | promote metastasis | [224] | ||
gastric cancer | miRNA | peritoneal lavage | hsa-let-7 g-3p and hsa-miR-10395-3p | activate the TGFβ signaling pathway | promote metastasis | [225] |
Cell culture fluid | MiR-374a-5p | activate NF-κB signaling | promote metastasis | [226] | ||
serum | miR-519a-3p | activate the MAPK/ERK pathway by targeting DUSP2 | promote metastasis | [98] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-106a | inhibit the expression of Smad7 | promote metastasis | |||
Cell culture fluid | miR-21-5p | activate TGF-β/Smad pathway | promote metastasis | [229] | ||
serum | miR-10b-5p, miR-101-3p and miR143-5p | not mention | promote metastasis | [114] | ||
serum | miR-301a-3p | activate MiR-301a-3p/PHD3/HIF-1α signaling axis | promote metastasis | [230] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-501-5p | downregulate of BLID, subsequent inactivate of caspase-9/-3 and phosphorylate of Akt | promote metastasis | [231] | ||
serum | miR-379-5p and miR-410-3p | not mention | promote metastasis | [99] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-486-5p | downregulate SMAD2, CDK4, and ACTR3 | promote metastasis | [232] | ||
serum | hsa‐miR‐148‐3p, hsa‐miR‐335‐5p, hsa‐miR‐3613‐5p, and hsa‐miR‐556‐5p | not mention | promote metastasis | [233] | ||
Peritoneal lavage fluid | miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-223-3p, and miR-342-3p | not mention | promote metastasis | [106] | ||
serum | miR-196a-1 | inhibit SFRP1 protein expression | promote metastasis | [234] | ||
serum | miR-1307-3p、piR-019308、piR-004918, piR-018569 | not mention | promote metastasis | [100] | ||
circRNA | serum | circ_0038138 | downregulate miR-198/EZH2 axis | promote metastasis | [235] | |
serum | circFCHO2 | activate the JAK1/STAT3 pathway via sponging miR-194-5p | promote metastasis | [236] | ||
Tumour tissues | circNRIP1 | activate AKT1/mTOR pathway, sponge of miR-149-5p | promote metastasis | [47] | ||
serum | circNEK9 | activate miR-409-3p/MAP7 axis | promote metastasis | [133] | ||
serum | Hsa_circ_0000437 | upregulate SRSF3, activate HSPA2-ERK signaling pathway | promote metastasis | [138] | ||
serum | circ-RanGAP1 | activate miR-877-3p/VEGFA axis | promote metastasis | [143] | ||
serum | circSHKBP1 | activate the miR-582-3p/HUR/VEGF pathway | promote metastasis | [144] | ||
Cell culture fluid | circular RNA UBE2Q2 | via the circUBE2Q2-miR-370-3p-STAT3 axis | promote metastasis | [237] | ||
Cell culture fluid | circular RNA circ_0032821 | sponge with miR-515-5p to regulate SOX9 expression | promote metastasis | [238] | ||
serum | circ-PVT1 | by miR-30a-5p/YAP1 axis | promote metastasis | [239] | ||
lncRNA | Cell culture fluid | lncRNA HOTTIP | activate microRNA-885-3p/EphB2 axis | promote metastasis | [240] | |
serum | lnc-SLC2A12-10:1 | not mention | promote metastasis | [241] | ||
Cell culture fluid | lncRNA PCGEM1 | reduce the degradation of SNAI1 | promote metastasis | [126] | ||
tumor tissue | lncRNA SPRY4-IT1 | activate SPRY4-IT1/miR-101-3p/AMPK axis | promote metastasis | [118] | ||
Cell culture fluid | lncRNA TTN-AS1 | activate miR-499a-5p/ZEB1/CDX2 axis | promote metastasis | [125] | ||
tumor tissue | lncRNA LINC01091 | activate miR-128-3p/ELF4/CDX2 axis | promote metastasis | [109] | ||
serum | lncRNA X26nt | decrease vascular endothelial cadherin | promote metastasis | [242] | ||
proteins | peritoneal lavage fluid | NNMT | activate TGF-β/smad2 signal pathway | promote metastasis | [75] | |
serum | Wnt5a | inhibit of YAP signal pathway | promote metastasis | [72] | ||
serum | IntegrinB5 | activate PI3K-AKT pathways | promote metastasis | [73] | ||
pancreatic cancer | miRNA | Cell culture fluid | miR-125b-5p | activate of MEK2/ERK2 signaling | promote metastasis | [243] |
serum | miR-3960 | suppress TFAP2A/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway | promote metastasis | [244] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-27a | induce angiogenesis by inhibiting BTG2 expression | promote metastasis | [245] | ||
Cell culture fluid | miR-501-3p | decrease TGFBR3 levels and activate TGF-βpathway | promote metastasis | [246] | ||
circRNA | serum | circ-IARS | sponge with miR-122 | promote metastasis | [145] | |
Cell culture fluid | circ-PED8A | upregulate MET, sponge with miR-338, activate MACC/MET/ERK or AKT pathways | promote metastasis | [146] | ||
serum | circZNF91 | MiRNA sponge for miR-23b-3p | promote metastasis | [152] | ||
proteins | serum | EphA2 | not mention | promote metastasis | [247] | |
Cell culture fluid | CD44v6/C1QBP complex | activate of IGF-1 signal | promote metastasis | [76] | ||
serum | APOE | not mention | promote metastasis | [248] | ||
Cell culture fluid | Eps8 | not mention | promote metastasis | [78] | ||
Cell culture fluid | ASPH | activate Notch signaling | promote metastasis | [86] | ||
serum | DNAJB11 | activate the EGFR/MAPK pathway | promote metastasis | [87] | ||
serum | CCT8, CTSL, SAA1, IGF2 | not mention | promote metastasis | [88] | ||
cancer tissue | FGD5-AS1 | activate STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway | promote metastasis | [89] | ||
serum | Lin28B | activate the Lin28B/let-7/HMGA2/PDGFB signaling pathway | promote metastasis | [90] | ||
Cell culture fluid | ZIP4 | not mention | promote metastasis | [249] | ||
serum | PRKD-1 | increase in F-actin | promote metastasis | [250] | ||
Cell culture fluid | DYRK1A | stabilize the c-MET receptor through SPRY2, lead to prolonged activate of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling | promote metastasis | [77] |