From: Liquid biopsy in T-cell lymphoma: biomarker detection techniques and clinical application
Subtype | Pathological characteristics | Genetic alternations | Recommended LB assays |
---|---|---|---|
nTFHL-AI | 1. Pan T-cell antigens: CD2, CD3, and CD5; 2. TFH cell-associated markers, such as PD1, ICOS, CXCL13, CD10, and BCL6; 3. EBV-positive B cells are nearly always present | IDH2R172, RHOAG17V, TET2, DNMT3A, T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling and activation (eg, RHOA, VAV1, CD28, ICOS, FYN, LCK), TCR clonal rearrangements (most cases) | 1.cfDNA/ctDNA (★★★) 2. CTCs (★★) 3. EBV DNA (★) |
ALK-positive ALCL | CD30 + ; ALK + ; EMA + ; CD25 + ; cytotoxic granules + /–, CD4 + /–; CD3–/ + ; CD43 +  | ALK rearrangement, NOTCH1, TP53, EP300, KMT2D, TCR clonal rearrangements (Approximately 90% of ALK-positive ALCLs) | 1. Antibodies (★★★) 2. CTCs (★★) 3.cfDNA/ctDNA (★★) |
ALK-negtive ALCL | CD30 + ; EMA + ; CD25 + ; cytotoxic granules + /–; CD4 + /–; CD3–/ + ; CD43 + ; PAX5/BSAP– | DUSP22 and TP63 rearrangement, TP53 loss, JAK1, JAK3, STAT3, TCR clonal rearrangements (most cases) | 1. CTCs (★★) 2.cfDNA/ctDNA (★★) |
PTCL, NOS | CD4 > CD8; antigen loss frequent (CD7, CD5, CD4/CD8, CD52); GATA3–/ + ; TBX21–/ + ; cytotoxic granules–/ + ; CD30-/ + ; CD56–/ + ; rare cases EBV +  | PTCL-GATA3: TP53, CDKN2A/B, PRDM1, RB1, PTEN, STAT3, MYC; PTCL-TBX21: low genomic complexity and few recurrent specific genetic changes; TCR clonal rearrangements (most cases) | 1.cfDNA/ctDNA (★★) 2. CTCs (★) 3. EBV DNA (★) |
ENKTL | Lymphoma of NK-cell or T-cell lineage, has a very strong association with EBV | ENKTL: TP53, DDX3X, STAT3, JAK3, STAT5B, TET2, KMT2D, KMT2C; Nodal EBV-positive T and NK-cell lymphoma: TET2; TCR clonal rearrangements (10%-40% cases) | 1. EBV DNA (★★) 2.cfDNA/ctDNA (★) |