Table 3 SEV-mediated delivery of therapeutic materials as anticancer strategies
S. No | Types of cancers/cells targeted | Targeting ligands | Therapeutic payloads | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Adenocarcinoma | iRGD peptide (Arg-Gly-Asp peptide) | Kirsten Ras oncogene short interfering RNA | Targets Kirsten Ras oncogene | [280] |
2 | Breast cancer | αv-integrin-specific iRGD peptide | Doxorubicin | Targeted delivery of doxorubicin | [281] |
3 | Breast cancer | GE11 peptide | miR-let7a | Targets EGFR-expressing tumors | [282] |
4 | Breast cancer | DARPin (For HER2-positive breast cancer) | Tpd50 siRNA | RNAi treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer | [283] |
5 | Triple negative breast cancer | Folate | Elastin | Ferroptosis induction in targeted cells | [284] |
6 | Epithelial carcinoma | Folate | siRNA within folate/SEV complex | Efficient cancer suppression | [285] |
7 | Breast cancer | SEVs conjugated with AS1411 Aptamer | Paclitaxel (PTX) | Targeted anticancer effects | [286] |
8 | Breast cancer | αCD3/αEGFR (for EGFR-positive breast cancer cells) | Smart-exosomes | Cell-free cancer immunotherapy | [287] |
9 | Triple negative breast cancer | NLS peptide | Photosensitizer | Dual-stage light-guided cell membrane and nucleus-targeted photodynamic treatment | [288] |
10 | Colorectal cancer | NLS peptide | Photosensitizer | Dual-stage light-guided cell membrane and nucleus-targeted photodynamic treatment | [288] |
11 | Colorectal cancer | HER affibody | 5-fluorouracil, anti-miR-21 | Reverses chemoresistance to improve treatment of cancer | [289] |
12 | Embryonic fibroblasts | mRNA | SIRPα | Increased SEV circulation time | [290] |
13 | Glioma | neuropilin-1-targeted peptide | Curcumin-SPION | Simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of glioma | [291] |
14 | Glioma | ApoA-1 mimetic peptide | Methotrexate, KLA (Lys-Leu-Ala) | Selective treatment of glioblastoma multiforme | [292] |
15 | Lung cancer | iRGD peptide (human alveolar basal epithelial cancer cells) | Kirsten Ras oncogene short interfering RNA | Targets Kirsten Ras oncogene | [280] |
16 | Lung cancer | A linear truncated form of LyP-1 (in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma) | SOX2 siRNA (silencing RNA) | Gene delivery for cancer therapy | [293] |
17 | Lung cancer | AA symmetrical bidentate ligand | PTX | Improves drug circulation and counteracts pulmonary metastases | [294] |
18 | Leukemia | IL-3 | Imatinib, BCR-ABL siRNA | Inhibits cancer cell development, enhanced intratumoral accumulation | [295] |
19 | Glioma | Exosomes | Nucleic acids | Tumor suppression, inhibition of tumor growth | [296] |
20 | A549 stem cells | Linear truncated form of LyP-1 | SOX2 siRNA (silencing RNA) | Gene delivery for cancer therapy | [297] |
21 | T-cells | αCD3/αEGFR (for EGFR-positive breast cancer cells) | Smart-exosomes | Cell-free cancer immunotherapy | [298] |
22 | T-cells | OVA antigen | Antigen | Enhances the immunogenicity of cancer vaccines | [278] |