Fig. 1
From: Regulation and signaling pathways in cancer stem cells: implications for targeted therapy for cancer
Epigenetic modification, transcriptional control and posttranscriptional control of CSCs. Epigenetic modification, transcriptional control, and posttranscriptional control are three critical mechanisms within the CSC regulatory networks. These regulatory mechanisms play pivotal roles in maintaining CSC stemness, CSC-associated tumor metastasis, and CSC-associated therapy resistance. A The figure illustrates how methyl groups modify DNA and histones, influencing downstream gene expression at the epigenetic level. B Transcriptional control in CSCs is primarily attributed to six specific transcription factors: PBX1, Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, KLF4, and Nanog. C Posttranscriptional control factors encompass RNA-binding proteins, N6-methyladenosine, A-to-I conversion, miRNAs, and lncRNAs