Fig. 5

Anti-PD1 treatment influences the communication between iCAFs and TME. a UMAP plot showing the fibroblasts subpopulations in BRCA immunotherapy cohort. b Heatmap showing the expression of marker genes in fibroblast subpopulations. c UMAP plots showing the temporal alterations of fibroblasts subpopulations. d Boxplot showing the differences in cell proportions between patients with and without clonal expansion before anti-PD1 treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-tests; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. e Boxplot showing the differences in cell proportions between patients with and without clonal expansion on anti-PD1 treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-tests; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. f Differential cell–cell interaction signaling pathway alterations in iCAFs during anti-PD-1 treatment compared to pre-treatment. g Upregulated LRIs in iCAFs during anti-PD-1 treatment compared to pre-treatment. h Downregulated LRIs in iCAFs during anti-PD-1 treatment compared to pre-treatment