Table 4 Clinical application of exosomal cargo or ncRNAs in PC in recent years
From: Liquid biopsy techniques and pancreatic cancer: diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation
| Â | Exosomal cargo or ncRNAs | Type | Source | Number of patients | Findings | Year of report | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diagnosis | miR-1246 and miR-4644 | miRNA | saliva | 12 | the relative expression ratios of miR-1246 and miR-4644 were significantly higher in the cancer group than these ratios in the control group | 2016 | [159] |
miR-191, miR-21 and miR-451a | miRNA | serum | 61 | miR-191, -21, and -451a enclosed in serum exosomes, significantly up-regulated in pancreatic cancer, were sensitive diagnostic markers | 2018 | [160] | |
miR-155 | miRNA | pancreatic juice | 35 | ex-miR-21 and ex-miR-155 levels discriminated PDAC patients from chronic pancreatitis patients with area under the curve values of 0.90 and 0.89, respectively | 2019 | [161] | |
glypican-1 | protein | serum | 190 | ROC curves indicated that GPC1 + circulating exosomes revealed a perfect classifier with an AUC of 1.0, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 100% | 2015 | [102] | |
Therapy | chitinase 3-like-1 and fibronectin | protein | macrophage | N/A | CHI3L1 and FN1 induce resistance of PDAC cells to GEM, and inhibitor treatment has proven effective | 2021 | [162] |
miR-20a-5p | miRNA | plasma | 73 | the relative expression of miR-20a-5p in gemcitabine-resistant plasma of PC patients was significantly lower than in nonresistant patients | 2019 | [163] | |
Recurrence | miR-451a | miRNA | plasma | 56 | miR-451a showed the highest upregulation in the stage II patients who showed recurrence after surgery | 2018 | [164] |
miR-4525, miR-451a and miR-21 | miRNA | portal vein blood | 55 | high expression of miR-4525, miR-451a, and miR-21 in portal vein blood was associated with recurrence with higher sensitivity and specificity than that in peripheral blood | 2019 | [165] | |
Prognosis | miR-3607-3p | miRNA | NK cells | 40 | miR-3607-3p is down-regulated in pancreatic cancer and decreased miR-3607-3p level predicts poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients | 2019 | [166] |
IARS | circRNA | peripheral blood | 79 | circRNA IARS is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer, positively correlated with tumour metastasis, and negatively correlated with patient survival time | 2018 | [167] | |
UPK1A-AS1 | lncRNA | serum | 75 | the patients with higher UPK1A-AS1 expression had a shorter PFS than those with lower UPK1A-AS1 expression | 2022 | [168] |