Table 3 Clinical application of cfDNA/ctDNA in PC in recent years
From: Liquid biopsy techniques and pancreatic cancer: diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation
| Â | Testing methods | Markers | Number of patients | Stages | Findings | Year of report | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diagnosis | ddPCR | KRAS | 105 | all stages PDAC | ddPCR increased the sensitivity and accuracy of EUS-FNA to 91.6% and 88.6% | 2022 | [113] |
methylation-specific PCR | ADAMTS1, BNC1 | 39 | all stages PDAC | two-gene panel with highly promising sensitivity and specificity for detection of earliest stages of pancreatic cancer | 2019 | [114] | |
methylation-specific PCR | BMP3, RASSF1A, BNC1, MESTv2, TFPI2, APC, SFRP1 and SFRP2 | 95 | all stages PDAC | patients with PDAC have a highly significant number of hypermethylated genes compared to patients with benign pancreatic diseases | 2016 | [115] | |
Prognosis | ddPCR | KRAS | 108 | all stages PDAC | mutant-KRAS detection in the blood of PDAC patients is significantly associated with dismal prognosis for palliative and curative patients | 2023 | [116] |
NGS | TP53, KRAS | 145 | all stages PDAC | cases that had detectable plasma ctDNA showed significantly shorter recurrence-free survival | 2022 | [117] | |
BEAMing | KRAS | 61 | metastatic PDAC | RAS mutation analysis in cfDNA more accurately predicted the prognosis than tissue analysis | 2020 | [44] | |
ddPCR | KRAS | 104 | metastatic PDAC | patients with metastases and detectable ctDNA had significantly shorter progression-free survival and overall survival times than patients without detectable ctDNA | 2019 | [118] | |
Treatment | ddPCR | KRAS | 70 | metastatic PDAC | the change in magnitude of ctDNA during systemic treatment allows the prediction of treatment response and is associated with both overall survival and progression-free survival | 2022 | [119] |
dPCR | KRAS | 47 | metastatic PDAC | KRAS mutation in ctDNA during chemotherapy could be a predictive factor for the disease progression of patients with PDAC | 2020 | [120] | |
PCR-based-SafeSeqS assays | KRAS | 112 | resectable PDAC | a 24% decrease in the proportion of patients with detectable ctDNA following surgery | 2019 | [121] | |
ddPCR | KRAS | 78 | localized, metastatic, and recurrent PDAC | no detection or disappearance of KRAS ctDNA within 6 months of treatment was significantly correlated with therapeutic responses to first-line chemotherapy | 2019 | [41] |