Fig. 2
From: Advances in immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer
The diagram of remodeling of the TME in TNBC immunotherapy. Rg3-PTX-LPs induced apoptosis by NF-κB. Rg3-LP-Doxetaxel reduces CAFs, TGF-β, and collagen fibers in the TME to enhance the anti-tumor effect of Doxetaxel. 6SA triggers macrophages by MAPK as well as enhancing the secretion of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine and inducing the induction of Caspase-8-mediated apoptosis, which activate macrophages and inhibit Treg and TAM. TMAO induces tumor cell pyrosis mediated by GSDME through activation of PERK, and releases IL-1β and IL-18, thereby enhancing the infiltration and killing function of CD8 + T cells. MYC protein expression is slightly downregulated after treatment with IFN-γ, IFNs may increase MHC-I expression in tumor cells that demonstrate high MYC expression. CpG-ODN offers synergistic effects with PD-1 inhibitors by producing IFN α and β as well as increasing CD8 + T cell infiltration in the TME