Fig. 8
From: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling transduction pathway and targeted therapies in cancer
Simplified overview of PAM signaling pathway location among other major signal transduction pathways in the network circuit of a normal cell. Each component of a signaling pathway is termed according to the role it plays with respect to the initial stimulus, such as ligands (e.g. IGF1), receptors (e.g. RTK), and effectors (e.g. PI3K). In normal cells, PAM pathway moderately promotes essential cellular functions such as survival, proliferation, growth and metabolism. Signaling cross-talks between PAM pathway and other pathways play a major role in the ultimate function of the cell. PI3K pathway, NF-κB pathway, G-Protein pathway, MEK pathway, Integrin pathway, Wnt pathway, Gli pathway, SMAD pathway, extrinsic apoptotic pathway, intrinsic apoptotic pathway, STAT pathway, Estrogen pathway, p53 pathway, and Rb pathway are shown. Nuclear membrane is delimited by a long-dashed circular dotted line. Arrowhead lines: activation (phosphorylation or non-phosphorylation). Blocked lines: inhibition (phosphorylation or non-phosphorylation). Continuous lines: interaction. Dotted arrowhead lines: cross-talk activation (phosphorylation or non-phosphorylation) between pathways. Dotted blocked lines: cross-talk inhibition (phosphorylation or non-phosphorylation) between pathways. PI3K: PI3K/Ras complex. MEKs: MEK1/2. ERKs: ERK1/2. TFs1: Transcription factors Jun, ATF2, RNPK, p53, NFAT4, Shc. TFs2: Transcription factors CHOP, ATF2, MNK, MSK, MEF2, Elk-1. TFs3: Transcription factors Elk-1, Ets-2, RSK, MNK, MSK, cPLA2, Fos, Myc. FAK: FAK/Src complex. Fyn: Fyn/Shc complex. Dsh: Dishevelled. Cyclin:CDKs1: Cyclin A:CDK1, Cyclin A:CDK2, Cyclin B:CDK1, Cyclin E:CDK2. Cyclin:CDKs2: Cyclin D:CDK4, Cyclin D:CDK6. CKIs: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p16, p18, p19)