Fig. 3
From: Immunotherapy: an emerging modality to checkmate brain metastasis
Different immunotherapies currently in clinics and their utilization for treating brain metastasis. Brain metastases occur following the migration of cancer cells from their primary tumor sites, commonly from the breast, lung, kidney/renal, colon, and melanoma to the brain. The immunotherapies displayed in the figure are in clinics for treating brain metastasis in combination with radiotherapy (RT)/ stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). In addition to current ITs, the application of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and CART cells can be harnessed to enhance the efficacies of these therapeutic modalities to treat BrM.