Table 2 Gold nanorods mediated imaging and therapeutic agents for treating different types of cancer
From: Gold nanoparticles and gold nanorods in the landscape of cancer therapy
Therapeutic agent/Bio-molecule | Coupling molecule | Type of study | Type of cancer | Name of cell line | Animal model | Outcomes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Doxorubicin and photosensitizer IR820 | Mesoporous organosilica, Hyaluronic acid | In vitro In vivo | Breast cancer | 4T1 tumor cells | Female BALB/c nude mice | The prepared hybrid nano-system produced triple-modal-chemotherapy/Photo-dynamic/Photo-thermal combined cancer effect. The nano-system was efficiently taken up by the cancer cells due to HA & CD44 + interaction and the loaded drug get released from the system only once reached inside the tumor cells | [97] |
Chlorella | Polyethylene glycol- albumin | In vitro In vivo | Breast cancer | 4T1 tumor cells | BALB/c mice | The prepared Chlorella and GDNDs containing hydrogel can be effectively used to treat hypoxic tumor conditions which will lead to enhanced penetration of chemotherapeutic drugs and ultimately their cytotoxic action at tumor site | [140] |
Cetuxima | - | In vitro In vivo | Breast cancer | MDA- MB-453 cells and BT-20, | BALB/c mice | The cell uptake, cytotoxicity and rate of apoptosis were significantly higher in EGFR-overexpressing BT-20 cells, both in vitro and in vivo representing EGFR-mediated targeting of prepared GDNDs | [141] |
Bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide | Polyethylene glycol | In vitro In vivo | Breast cancer | T47D breast cancer cell line, E8 human skin cancer cell line | BALB/c mice | The preparation was successfully tested against breast cancer cell lines | [142] |
Salinomycin | Polydiallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride | In vitro | Breast cancer | MCF-7 breast cancer cells | - | The designed nano-system was successfully able to eradicate Cancer stem cells from tumor, in vitro | [109] |
VER- 155,008 | Methoxy polyethylene glycol | In vitro In vivo | Colon cancer | HCT166 Human colon cancer cell line | Female BALB/c nude mice | VER- 155,008 micelles and methoxyPEG coated gold nanorods works synergistically in inhibiting heat resistance of tumor cells and enhancing tumor cell apoptosis | [115] |
Cyclic peptide GX1 and FAM172A gene | Generation-3 Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer | In vitro In vivo | Colon cancer | HCT-8 colon cancer cell line | Nude mice | PAMAM-GDNDs/GX1- FAM172A complex provides a combinatorial gene and photothermal therapy for colon cancer | [143] |
Doxorubicin | Mesoporous silica, poly-histidine, and D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate | In vitro In vivo | Colon cancer | SW620/Ad300 colon cancer cell line | Male athymic nude mice | The triple layered doxorubicin loaded gold nanorods was successfully able to overcome multi-drug resistance of cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo | [117] |
Paclitaxel | Chitosan and poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol based-polyurethane | In vitro In vivo | Lung cancer | A549 lung cancer cell line | male mice | The prepared nanofiber system led to the controlled release of paclitaxel from the polymer matrix, leading to the elimination of adverse effects of free drug in in vivo animal models | [122] |
Doxorubicin | Transferrin | In vitro | Lung cancer | HCC827 and A549 lung cancer cell line | - | Transferrin-conjugated GDNDs were able to deliver the doxorubicin specially to the A549 lung cancer cells via receptor-ligand interaction | [125] |
- | Anti-EGFR antibodies | In vitro | Lung cancer | A549 lung cancer cells | - | This study compared the PLT mediated by continuous and pulsed wave lasers using anti-EGFR antibodies tagged GDNDs at 850Â nm | [144] |
- | BAG3 gene siRNA | In vitro In vivo | Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Cal-27, human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line | Male BALB/c nude mice | The siRNA-BAG3 conjugated GDNDs nano-system with combination of PLT showed the maximum tumoroegnic effect with reduction in tumor volume to 3.8% | [145] |
- | - | In vitro | Prostate Cancer | Normal prostate cell line PC-3 and prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP | - | GDNDs alter the physiology of both normal and cancer cells | [146] |
N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) | - | In vitro In vivo | Prostate Cancer | DU-145 prostate tumor cells | Athymic nude female mice | Radio labelled HPMA has given good results against prostate cancer when combined with GDNDs-mediated hyperthermia | [147] |
Polydopamine | - | In vitro | Prostate Cancer | DU-145 prostate tumor cells | - | Improved cytotoxic effect in DU-145 cell line was observed with GDNDs conjugated to polydopamine | [148] |
IL-8 silencing siRNA | Â | In vitro | Pancreatic Cancer | MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 pancreatic cell lines | - | siRNA conjugated GDNDs was successfully able to silence IL-8 gene | [149] |
Peptides | - | In vitro | Pancreatic Cancer | pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells | - | Higher uptake due to the conjugation of GDNDs with peptides was also observed in pancreatic cancer cells | [150] |
Gemcitabine | Chitosan and mesoporous silica | Â | Pancreatic Cancer | S2VP10 and MiaPaca2 cell line | - | Acid-sensitive chitosan-capped gemcitabine loaded-mesoporous silica-coated GDNDs were effective in enhancing the targeting specificity by using the low pH microenvironment of the tumor cell | [151] |